Boolean values are a fundamental concept in computer science and mathematics, representing two possible states: true or false. They are named after the mathematician George Boole, who developed a system of logic that underpins modern computing. Boolean values are often used in programming and algorithms to make decisions, control flow, and evaluate conditions. In programming languages, Boolean values are typically represented by the keywords "true" and "false." They can be the result of comparisons, such as checking if one number is greater than another. Boolean logic is essential for creating complex expressions and enabling computers to perform tasks based on specific criteria.