Locomotive classification is a system used to categorize locomotives based on their wheel arrangement and design features. This classification helps in identifying the type of locomotive and its intended use, such as freight or passenger transport. Common classifications include 2-8-2 or 4-6-0, where the numbers represent the arrangement of wheels on the locomotive. Different countries have their own classification systems, such as the Whyte notation used in the United States and the UIC classification used in Europe. These systems provide a standardized way to describe locomotives, making it easier for engineers and enthusiasts to communicate about various types of trains.