Local anesthesia is a medical technique used to numb a specific area of the body during minor surgical procedures or dental work. It works by blocking nerve signals in the targeted area, preventing the sensation of pain while allowing the patient to remain awake and alert. Commonly administered through injections, local anesthetics can provide quick relief and are often used for procedures like tooth extractions or skin biopsies. The effects typically last for a few hours, allowing patients to recover comfortably without the risks associated with general anesthesia.