Livestock vaccines are biological preparations designed to protect farm animals from infectious diseases. They work by stimulating the animal's immune system to recognize and fight specific pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses. Commonly vaccinated livestock includes cattle, sheep, pigs, and poultry, helping to ensure their health and productivity. Vaccination programs are essential for maintaining herd immunity and preventing outbreaks that can lead to significant economic losses. Farmers often consult veterinarians to determine the appropriate vaccines and schedules based on the specific needs of their animals and the diseases prevalent in their region.