The Lithuanian National Movement emerged in the 19th century as a response to the political and cultural oppression faced by Lithuanians under the Russian Empire. It aimed to promote Lithuanian language, culture, and national identity, fostering a sense of unity among the people. Key figures included Jonas Basanavičius and Maironis, who played significant roles in advocating for national awareness and cultural revival. The movement gained momentum in the early 20th century, leading to the declaration of independence in 1918. This period marked the establishment of the Lithuanian state, which sought to preserve its sovereignty and cultural heritage amidst regional challenges. The movement laid the foundation for modern Lithuania's national identity.