Lithium extraction involves obtaining lithium, a key component in batteries, from natural sources. The two main methods are hard rock mining and lithium brine extraction. Hard rock mining extracts lithium from minerals like spodumene, while brine extraction involves pumping lithium-rich water from underground reservoirs, often found in salt flats. The extracted lithium is then processed to produce lithium carbonate or lithium hydroxide, which are essential for manufacturing lithium-ion batteries. These batteries power various devices, including electric vehicles and smartphones, making lithium extraction increasingly important in the transition to renewable energy and sustainable technology.