The lithiation process refers to the incorporation of lithium ions into a material, often used in the context of battery technology. This process is crucial for the performance of lithium-ion batteries, where lithium ions move between the anode and cathode during charging and discharging cycles. In the anode, materials like graphite undergo lithiation as lithium ions intercalate, or insert themselves, between the layers of the material. This enhances the anode's capacity to store energy, contributing to the overall efficiency and longevity of the battery, which is essential for devices like smartphones and electric vehicles.