Electrode materials are substances used in batteries and electrochemical cells to facilitate the flow of electric current. They play a crucial role in determining the efficiency, capacity, and overall performance of these devices. Common materials include metals like copper and aluminum, as well as conductive polymers and carbon-based materials. The choice of electrode material affects the energy storage and release capabilities of a battery. For instance, lithium-ion batteries often use graphite for the anode and lithium cobalt oxide for the cathode. Research continues to explore new materials that can enhance battery life and performance.