A Linux file system is a method for organizing and storing files on a Linux operating system. It manages how data is stored and retrieved, allowing users to create, delete, and modify files and directories. Common types of Linux file systems include ext4, XFS, and Btrfs, each with unique features and performance characteristics. In a Linux file system, files are organized in a hierarchical structure, starting from the root directory, denoted by a single forward slash (/). This structure allows for efficient data management and access, making it easier for users and applications to locate and manipulate files within the system.