Lillian Moller Gilbreth (1878-1972) was an American psychologist and engineer known for her pioneering work in industrial management and efficiency. She was one of the first women to earn a Ph.D. in psychology and contributed significantly to the field of time and motion study, which focuses on improving productivity by analyzing workflows. Gilbreth was also a prominent advocate for the application of psychology in the workplace. She is famous for her work on human factors engineering and was a key figure in the development of ergonomics. Her innovative ideas helped shape modern management practices and improve working conditions for employees.