Ligand-gated channels are specialized proteins found in cell membranes that open or close in response to the binding of specific molecules, known as ligands. These channels play a crucial role in cellular communication, allowing ions such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride to flow in and out of cells. When a ligand binds to the channel, it causes a conformational change, leading to the opening of the channel and enabling ion movement. These channels are essential in various physiological processes, including neurotransmission and muscle contraction. For example, in neurons, the binding of neurotransmitters to ligand-gated channels can trigger an electrical signal, facilitating communication between nerve cells. Their precise regulation is vital for maintaining cellular homeostasis and overall function