Lewis Mumford was an American philosopher, historian, and sociologist, known for his writings on the relationship between technology and society. Born in 1895, he became a prominent critic of modern industrialization and advocated for a more humane approach to technology. His influential works, such as The Technics and Civilization, explored how technological advancements impact human life and culture. Mumford's ideas extended to urban planning and architecture, where he emphasized the importance of community and the environment. He believed that cities should be designed to enhance human well-being rather than merely serve economic interests. His contributions have influenced fields like urban studies and environmental philosophy.