Lens fabrication is the process of creating optical lenses used in various applications, such as glasses, cameras, and microscopes. It involves several steps, including selecting the appropriate materials, shaping the lens, and applying coatings to enhance performance. Common materials include glass and plastic, which are chosen based on their optical properties. The shaping of the lens typically involves grinding and polishing to achieve the desired curvature and clarity. Advanced techniques, such as computer-aided design (CAD) and laser cutting, are often employed to ensure precision. Finally, protective coatings may be added to improve scratch resistance and reduce glare, enhancing the lens's overall functionality.