Lens design is the process of creating optical lenses that focus or disperse light to achieve specific visual effects. This involves selecting materials and shapes that determine how light passes through the lens. Designers use mathematical models and simulations to predict how the lens will perform, ensuring it meets the desired specifications for applications like cameras, glasses, and microscopes. The main goal of lens design is to minimize optical aberrations, which can distort images. Techniques such as ray tracing and computer-aided design (CAD) are commonly employed to refine the lens shape and material properties, resulting in clearer and more accurate images.