The Lennard-Jones potential is a mathematical model used to describe the interaction between a pair of neutral atoms or molecules. It captures the balance between attractive forces, which occur at longer distances, and repulsive forces, which dominate at very short distances. The potential is often represented by a specific equation that includes parameters for the depth of the potential well and the distance at which the potential is zero. This model is widely used in fields like chemistry, physics, and materials science to simulate and predict the behavior of gases, liquids, and solids. It helps researchers understand molecular dynamics and the properties of various substances by providing insights into how particles interact at the atomic level.