The Law of Unintended Consequences refers to the idea that actions, especially those taken with good intentions, can lead to unexpected and often negative outcomes. This concept highlights the complexity of systems where a single change can trigger a series of unforeseen effects, making it difficult to predict the overall impact of decisions. For example, when governments implement policies like subsidies for certain industries, they may inadvertently encourage overproduction or create market distortions. Similarly, the introduction of invasive species to control pests can lead to ecological imbalances, demonstrating how well-meaning actions can have significant and unintended repercussions.