Land and resource rights refer to the legal entitlements individuals or groups have over land and its natural resources. These rights can include ownership, use, and management of land, water, minerals, and forests. They are essential for ensuring that communities can sustainably manage their resources and protect their livelihoods. These rights are often influenced by local laws, cultural practices, and international agreements. For example, indigenous peoples may have specific rights recognized under treaties or conventions, such as the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Protecting land and resource rights is crucial for environmental conservation and social justice.