Lactones are a type of cyclic ester formed from the reaction of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid. They are characterized by a ring structure that includes an oxygen atom and are commonly found in nature. Lactones can be produced through various chemical processes, including the condensation of hydroxy acids. These compounds are often associated with pleasant aromas and flavors, making them important in the food and fragrance industries. Some well-known examples of lactones include γ-butyrolactone and δ-decalactone, which are used in perfumes and as flavoring agents in food products.