The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty that was adopted in 1997 and came into force in 2005. Its main goal is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to combat climate change. The treaty sets binding targets for developed countries to lower their emissions, recognizing that they are historically responsible for a significant portion of global pollution. Countries that ratified the protocol agreed to monitor and report their emissions, and they can use various mechanisms, such as carbon trading, to meet their targets. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) oversees the implementation of the protocol, promoting global cooperation in addressing climate issues.