The Kushite civilization thrived in ancient Nubia, located to the south of ancient Egypt. It emerged around 2500 BCE and is known for its rich culture, advanced architecture, and powerful kingdoms. The Kushites established several dynasties, with the most notable being the 25th Dynasty of Egypt, during which they ruled as pharaohs and influenced Egyptian culture. Kushite society was characterized by its skilled artisans, trade networks, and agricultural practices along the Nile River. The capital city, Meroë, became a center for iron production and trade. The civilization is also recognized for its impressive pyramids, which served as royal tombs, reflecting their beliefs in the afterlife.