The Knapsack Problem is a classic optimization problem in computer science and mathematics. It involves a scenario where a thief must decide which items to take from a set of items, each with a specific weight and value, to maximize the total value without exceeding a given weight limit. There are different variations of the Knapsack Problem, including the 0/1 Knapsack Problem, where each item can either be taken or left behind, and the Fractional Knapsack Problem, where items can be broken into smaller parts. This problem is widely studied for its applications in resource allocation and logistics.