The Kingdom of Hawaii was a sovereign nation that existed from 1810 until 1893. It was established when King Kamehameha I united the Hawaiian Islands. The kingdom was known for its unique culture, rich traditions, and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy in 1864 under King Kamehameha III. In 1893, the kingdom was overthrown by a group of American and European businessmen, leading to the eventual annexation of Hawaii by the United States in 1898. The last reigning monarch was Queen Liliʻuokalani, who sought to restore the kingdom's sovereignty but faced significant opposition.