The Kingdom of Bavaria was a historical state in central Europe that existed from 1806 until 1918. It was part of the German Empire and was known for its rich culture, beautiful landscapes, and significant contributions to art and science. The capital city, Munich, became a cultural hub, famous for its festivals, including the Oktoberfest. Bavaria was ruled by a series of kings from the House of Wittelsbach. The kingdom played a crucial role in German history, particularly during the unification of Germany in the 19th century. Today, Bavaria is a federal state in modern Germany, retaining its unique traditions and identity.