King Philip IV of France, also known as Philip the Fair, ruled from 1285 to 1314. He is known for his efforts to centralize royal power and strengthen the monarchy. Philip IV engaged in conflicts with the Papal States and the Knights Templar, leading to significant political and religious changes in France. Philip IV's reign saw the establishment of the Estates-General, an assembly representing the clergy, nobility, and commoners. He also implemented financial reforms to address the kingdom's debts, which included taxing the clergy. His policies laid the groundwork for future developments in the French monarchy.