King Louis XI of France, known as the "Universal Spider," ruled from 1461 to 1483. He was a member of the Valois dynasty and is recognized for his cunning political strategies. Louis worked to strengthen the monarchy and reduce the power of the nobility, often using diplomacy and manipulation to achieve his goals. During his reign, Louis XI expanded the French territory and centralized the government. He established a more efficient administration and promoted trade, which helped improve the economy. His efforts laid the groundwork for the future unification of France under his successors, including Francis I.