King Charles I of England was born on November 19, 1600, and became king in 1625. He was the son of King James I and ruled during a time of significant political and religious conflict. His belief in the divine right of kings led to tensions with Parliament, as he often sought to govern without their consent. The struggle between Charles I and Parliament escalated into the English Civil War, which began in 1642. After years of conflict, he was captured and tried for treason. Charles I was executed on January 30, 1649, marking a pivotal moment in British history.