The Khwarezmian campaign refers to a military expedition led by Genghis Khan in the early 13th century against the Khwarezmian Empire. This campaign was initiated after a trade dispute escalated, leading to the execution of Mongol envoys. Genghis Khan sought to avenge this insult and expand his empire. The campaign began in 1219 and involved a series of battles and sieges. The Mongol forces, known for their superior tactics and mobility, quickly overwhelmed the Khwarezmian cities, including Bukhara and Samarkand. By 1221, the Khwarezmian Empire was effectively dismantled, marking a significant expansion of Mongol territory.