The Khedive of Egypt was a title given to the viceroy of Egypt and Sudan during the 19th and early 20th centuries. This position was established in 1867, allowing the Khedive to govern on behalf of the Ottoman Empire while enjoying significant autonomy. The most notable Khedive was Ismail Pasha, who initiated major modernization efforts in Egypt, including infrastructure projects and the expansion of the cotton industry. The Khedive's rule came to an end in 1914 when Egypt was declared a protectorate of the United Kingdom during World War I. This shift marked the decline of the Khedive's power, leading to the eventual establishment of the Kingdom of Egypt in 1922, which replaced the Khedive with a monarchy.