The Kanem-Bornu Empire was a powerful state in Central Africa, primarily located in present-day Chad and Nigeria. It emerged in the 9th century and reached its peak between the 14th and 16th centuries. The empire was known for its trade in salt, gold, and slaves, which contributed to its wealth and influence in the region. The empire was ruled by a series of dynasties, with the Sef dynasty being the most notable. The Kanem-Bornu Empire played a significant role in the spread of Islam in West Africa and established a complex administrative system. Its decline began in the 19th century due to internal strife and external pressures.