Julius II was a pope of the Roman Catholic Church who served from 1503 to 1513. Known as the "Warrior Pope," he was notable for his military campaigns to reclaim the Papal States and for his efforts to strengthen the church's political power. He was also a patron of the arts, commissioning famous works from artists like Michelangelo and Raphael. During his papacy, Julius II initiated the construction of the St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City, which remains one of the most significant churches in the world. His leadership marked a period of both artistic flourishing and political maneuvering within the church, influencing the course of the Renaissance.