The jugular vein is a major blood vessel located in the neck that carries deoxygenated blood from the head and neck back to the heart. There are two main types: the internal jugular vein, which drains blood from the brain, face, and neck, and the external jugular vein, which drains blood from the outer structures of the head and neck. These veins play a crucial role in the circulatory system by ensuring that blood is efficiently returned to the heart for reoxygenation. The jugular veins are also important in medical procedures, such as central venous catheterization, where access to these veins is needed for treatment.