Judicial oversight refers to the process by which courts monitor and review the actions of other branches of government, ensuring they comply with the law and respect individual rights. This oversight helps maintain a balance of power, preventing any branch from overstepping its authority. Through judicial review, courts can assess the constitutionality of laws and executive actions. This process is essential for upholding the principles of democracy and protecting citizens' rights, as seen in landmark cases involving the Constitution and civil liberties.