The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) is an agreement reached in 2015 between Iran and six world powers: the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Russia, China, and Germany. The deal aimed to limit Iran's nuclear program in exchange for the lifting of economic sanctions. It was designed to prevent Iran from developing nuclear weapons while allowing for peaceful nuclear energy use. The JCPOA included specific restrictions on Iran's uranium enrichment, the number of centrifuges, and the stockpile of enriched uranium. The agreement also established a monitoring system by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to ensure compliance. However, the U.S. withdrew from the agreement in 2018, leading to increased tensions and challenges in maintaining the deal.