John Smithson was an English chemist and mineralogist, best known for founding the Smithsonian Institution in the United States. Born in 1765, he dedicated his life to scientific research and exploration, contributing significantly to the fields of chemistry and mineralogy. His work laid the groundwork for future scientific advancements. In his will, Smithson left his fortune to the United States to establish an institution for the increase and diffusion of knowledge. This generous bequest led to the creation of the Smithsonian Institution in 1846, which has since become a major cultural and educational organization, housing numerous museums and research facilities.