The Smithsonian Institution was founded by James Smithson, an English scientist and philanthropist. He left his fortune to the United States to establish a museum and research institution dedicated to the increase and diffusion of knowledge. Smithson never visited the U.S., but his bequest in 1829 laid the groundwork for what would become a vast network of museums and research facilities. The Smithsonian was officially established in 1846, and it has since grown to include 19 museums, 21 libraries, and several research centers. It serves as a vital resource for education and cultural preservation, attracting millions of visitors each year.