John Shelby Spong is an American retired bishop of the Episcopal Church and a prominent theologian known for his progressive views on Christianity. Born on June 16, 1931, in Charlotte, North Carolina, he served as the Bishop of Newark from 1979 to 2000. Spong is recognized for advocating a more inclusive and modern interpretation of the Bible, often challenging traditional Christian beliefs. Throughout his career, Spong authored numerous books, including "Why Christianity Must Change or Die," where he argues for a reformation of the church to align with contemporary values. He is also known for his outspoken views on issues such as homosexuality, women's rights, and interfaith dialogue, making him a controversial yet influential figure in modern Christianity.