John S. Phelps was an American politician and businessman, known for his role as the 14th Governor of Missouri. He served from 1877 to 1881 and was a member of the Republican Party. Phelps was involved in various business ventures, including banking and railroads, which contributed to his political influence. Born on March 11, 1814, in New York, Phelps moved to Missouri in 1831. He was active in local politics and held several positions before becoming governor. After his term, he continued to engage in business and public service until his death on January 1, 1886.