John III of Portugal was a king who ruled from 1521 to 1557. He was known for his efforts to strengthen the Portuguese Empire during the Age of Discovery. Under his reign, Portugal expanded its territories in Africa, Asia, and South America, establishing important trade routes and colonies. John III was also a patron of the arts and education, promoting the establishment of universities and cultural institutions. His reign saw the flourishing of Portuguese Renaissance culture, which included advancements in literature and architecture. Despite his successes, he faced challenges, including conflicts with Spain and issues related to the Inquisition.