John III, also known as John III Sobieski, was a Polish king who reigned from 1674 to 1696. He is best known for his military leadership, particularly during the Battle of Vienna in 1683, where he played a crucial role in defeating the Ottoman Empire. His victory is celebrated as a significant turning point in European history. Born in 1629, John III was a member of the House of Sobieski. He was a skilled diplomat and sought to strengthen the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. His reign was marked by efforts to modernize the military and improve the economy, although he faced challenges from both internal and external forces.