Job Scheduling is the process of planning and organizing tasks or jobs to be executed by a computer system or workforce. It ensures that resources are allocated efficiently, allowing multiple tasks to run smoothly without conflicts. This is crucial in environments like operating systems, where various applications need to share CPU time, or in manufacturing, where machines must be coordinated to optimize production. Effective job scheduling can improve productivity and reduce wait times. Different algorithms, such as First-Come, First-Served or Round Robin, are used to determine the order in which jobs are processed. By prioritizing tasks based on urgency or resource requirements, organizations can achieve better performance and meet deadlines.