A Java Specification Request (JSR) is a formal document that describes proposed specifications and standards for the Java platform. It is part of the Java Community Process (JCP), which allows developers and organizations to contribute to the evolution of Java. Each JSR outlines the goals, requirements, and expected outcomes for new features or enhancements. JSRs are essential for maintaining the consistency and quality of the Java ecosystem. They are reviewed and approved by the JCP Executive Committee, which includes representatives from various companies and organizations involved in the Java community. This collaborative approach ensures that the needs of different stakeholders are considered in the development of the Java platform.