The Java Scripting API is a part of the Java platform that allows developers to integrate scripting languages into Java applications. It provides a standard interface for executing scripts written in languages like JavaScript, Groovy, and others. This API enables Java programs to dynamically execute code, enhancing flexibility and functionality. With the Java Scripting API, developers can create and manipulate objects, call methods, and handle events using scripts. It supports the use of various scripting engines, which can be plugged into Java applications, making it easier to extend functionality without modifying the core Java code.