Java Collections is a framework in the Java programming language that provides a set of classes and interfaces for storing and manipulating groups of objects. It includes various data structures like ArrayList, HashSet, and HashMap, which allow developers to manage collections of data efficiently. These structures help in organizing data, making it easier to retrieve, update, and delete elements. The Java Collections framework also offers algorithms for sorting and searching through collections. By using these built-in methods, developers can perform common operations without having to write complex code. This enhances productivity and ensures that data handling is both effective and reliable.