The Japanese court system is structured into four main levels: the Supreme Court, High Courts, District Courts, and Summary Courts. The Supreme Court is the highest authority, overseeing the interpretation of the constitution and laws. Below it, High Courts handle appeals from District Courts, which deal with serious criminal and civil cases. Summary Courts manage minor offenses and small claims. Judges in the Japanese court system are appointed and serve for life, ensuring independence. The system emphasizes mediation and settlement, often encouraging parties to resolve disputes outside of court. This approach reflects Japan's cultural preference for harmony and consensus.