James Young Simpson was a Scottish physician born in 1811, best known for his pioneering work in anesthesia. He discovered the anesthetic properties of chloroform in 1847, which revolutionized surgery by allowing patients to undergo procedures without pain. His work significantly improved surgical practices and patient care during the 19th century. Simpson's contributions extended beyond anesthesia; he was also a prominent advocate for women's health. He played a key role in the establishment of obstetrics as a respected medical field. His legacy continues to influence modern medicine, particularly in the areas of anesthesia and surgery.