James Matheson was a prominent Scottish politician and businessman in the 19th century. Born in 1800, he became known for his role in the British East India Company and later served as a member of Parliament. Matheson was influential in the development of trade and commerce in British India. In addition to his political career, Matheson was a significant landowner in Scotland and played a key role in the development of the Isle of Lewis. He was also involved in various philanthropic efforts, contributing to education and infrastructure in the regions he impacted.