James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton (c. 1530–1581), was a Scottish nobleman and politician during the reign of Mary, Queen of Scots. He played a significant role in the political landscape of Scotland in the 16th century, particularly as a supporter of the Protestant Reformation. Morton served as the regent for the young King James VI of Scotland after the abdication of Mary, Queen of Scots in 1567. His leadership was marked by efforts to stabilize the country and promote Protestantism, but he faced challenges from rival factions. Ultimately, he was executed for treason in 1581.