James Cash Penney was an American businessman and the founder of the J.C. Penney department store chain. Born on September 16, 1875, in Hamilton, Missouri, he started his career in retail as a clerk in a dry goods store. In 1902, he opened his first store, which laid the foundation for a successful retail empire. Penney was known for his innovative business practices and commitment to customer service. He expanded his stores across the United States, promoting the idea of fair pricing and quality merchandise. His legacy continues through the J.C. Penney stores that remain a part of American retail history.