The Java Virtual Machine, or JVM, is an abstract computing machine that enables a computer to run programs written in the Java programming language. It acts as an intermediary between Java bytecode and the underlying hardware, allowing Java applications to be platform-independent. This means that the same Java program can run on any device that has a compatible JVM installed. The JVM performs several key functions, including loading code, verifying code for security, and executing the program. It also manages memory through a process called garbage collection, which automatically reclaims memory that is no longer in use. This helps improve the efficiency and performance of Java applications.