J.P. Guilford was an American psychologist known for his work in the field of intelligence and creativity. He developed the Structure of Intellect model, which categorizes different types of intellectual abilities. His research emphasized that intelligence is not a single entity but consists of various dimensions, including divergent thinking, which is crucial for creativity. Guilford also contributed to the understanding of psychometrics, the field that measures psychological attributes. He created several tests to assess creativity and intelligence, influencing educational practices and psychological assessments. His work laid the foundation for future research in cognitive psychology and the study of human potential.